{"id":22137,"date":"2008-10-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-10-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.barcelonatribuna.com\/los_retos_de_la_sociedad_del_conocimiento\/"},"modified":"2008-10-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2008-10-29T23:00:00","slug":"los_retos_de_la_sociedad_del_conocimiento","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/los_retos_de_la_sociedad_del_conocimiento\/","title":{"rendered":"Los Retos de la Sociedad del Conocimiento"},"content":{"rendered":"         <p class=\"link_ariadna\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/publicaciones\">Publicaciones<\/a><\/p>                   <h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Los Retos de la Sociedad del Conocimiento<\/h1>          <style>.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:40px;row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:24px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(70% - ((40px * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(30% - ((40px * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 alignnone header_article_agenda wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">         <style>.kadence-column15198_b1d053-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column15198_b1d053-1d > 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var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);border-right:0px solid var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);border-bottom:0px solid #979797;border-left:0px solid var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-info-box15198_70ed2d-ec .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);border-right:0px solid var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);border-bottom:0px solid #979797;border-left:0px solid var(u002du002dglobal-palette7, #eeeeee);}}<\/style> <div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box15198_70ed2d-ec info_block_01\">     <span class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-left kt-info-halign-left kb-info-box-vertical-media-align-top\">         <div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\">             <div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\">                 <div class=\"kadence-info-box-icon-container kt-info-icon-animate-none\">             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.kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 alignnone content_article_agenda wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">         <style>.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>         <div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column15198_459565-82\">             <div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">             <div class=\"autor_post wp-block-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/author\/sebap\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name__link\">SEBAP<\/a><\/div>             <div class=\"summary_post wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">Por Enric Canela. Presidente del Cercle per al Coneixement. La Uni\u00f3n Europea en el a\u00f1o 2000 en la denominada estrategia de Lisboa se fij\u00f3 como objetivos conseguir ser, al final del presente decenio, la econom\u00eda m\u00e1s competitiva del mundo y alcanzar el pleno empleo. Las razones para plantearse estos objetivos no fueron puramente te\u00f3ricas o&hellip; <\/p><\/div>                           La Uni\u00f3 Europea l\u2019any 2000 en la denominada estrat\u00e8gia de Lisboa es va fixar com a objectius aconseguir ser al final del present decenni l\u2019economia m\u00e9s competitiva del m\u00f3n i assolir la plena ocupaci\u00f3. Les raons per plantejar-se aquests objectius no van ser purament te\u00f2riques o un caprici. A la Uni\u00f3 Europea, tot i algunes difer\u00e8ncies, sortosament, gaudim d\u2019un estat del benestar envejable, millor que el que tenen alguns dels nostres principals competidors, com els Estats Units i el Jap\u00f3. Per altra banda, estem en un m\u00f3n globalitzat, amb moltes desigualtats socials, on convivim i competim amb pa\u00efsos que basen la seva economia en un estat del benestar feble, amb pocs drets socials i m\u00e0 d\u2019obra barata. Per tant, si la Uni\u00f3 Europea vol mantenir el benestar dels seus ciutadans ha de canviar el seu model productiu i generar b\u00e9ns i serveis d\u2019alt valor afegit i, per fer-ho, l\u2019\u00fanic cam\u00ed \u00e9s convertir-se en una economia intensiva en coneixement, cosa que requereix un capital hum\u00e0 altament format; recerca b\u00e0sica i aplicada d\u2019excel\u2022l\u00e8ncia; transfer\u00e8ncia de coneixement a la societat, particularment a l\u2019empresa; desenvolupament; i innovaci\u00f3 en producte i processos.  \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que la Uni\u00f3 Europea, conscient de la necessitat d\u2019aquest canvi, ha anant prenent durant els darrers anys un seguit de mesures per fomentar activitats basades en el coneixement, per enfortir un mercat \u00fanic, per incrementar la mobilitat, per augmentar l\u2019educaci\u00f3 i la formaci\u00f3 dels seus ciutadans, i per aconseguir que creixi la inversi\u00f3 privada en recerca i innovaci\u00f3. De les diferents iniciatives que s\u2019han pres en destaquen dues: Una \u00e9s la creaci\u00f3 d\u2019una \u00c0rea Europea de Recerca i l\u2019altra, que va m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de les fronteres de la Uni\u00f3 Europea, \u00e9s la creaci\u00f3 de l\u2019Espai Europeu d\u2019Educaci\u00f3 Superior, l\u2019anomenat proc\u00e9s de Bolonya.  Aconseguir disposar d\u2019una \u00c0rea Europea de Recerca potent requereix garantir a tota la Uni\u00f3 Europea la disponibilitat d\u2019investigadors suficients. La Uni\u00f3 Europea t\u00e9 un sistema d\u2019educaci\u00f3 superior eficient i produeix a hores d\u2019ara un nombre m\u00e9s elevat de graduats en enginyeria o en ci\u00e8ncies experimentals, i de doctors que els Estats Units i el Jap\u00f3, tanmateix aix\u00f2 s\u2019esguerra posteriorment, ja que el nombre de persones dedicades a la recerca i a la innovaci\u00f3 \u00e9s molt inferior. La capacitat dels Estats Units d\u2019atreure talent \u00e9s m\u00e9s gran i molts investigadors de la Uni\u00f3 Europea o d\u2019altres pa\u00efsos del m\u00f3n es desplacen a aquell pa\u00eds, mentre que s\u00f3n molts menys els que venen als pa\u00efsos de la Uni\u00f3 Europea, ja que resulten menys atractius als investigadors. La conclusi\u00f3 \u00e9s que els estats de la Uni\u00f3 Europea tenen un flux de talent negatiu, \u00e9s a dir, exportem m\u00e9s investigadors dels que importem.  Una de les raons que explica aquest flux negatiu \u00e9s que la regulaci\u00f3 laboral en aquests pa\u00efsos \u00e9s r\u00edgida, especialment la que tenen les universitats i centres p\u00fablics de recerca. Aquests organismes estan mancats d\u2019autonomia per pactar la retribuci\u00f3 i les condicions laborals. Si a aquesta manca d\u2019autonomia li afegim una escassa publicitat de les vacants que es produeixen, la concurr\u00e8ncia d\u2019investigadors d\u2019altres pa\u00efsos o regions \u00e9s dif\u00edcil. Aquests fets van contra l\u2019excel\u2022l\u00e8ncia investigadora at\u00e8s que no sempre \u00e9s f\u00e0cil contractar els millors investigadors d\u2019un tema concret procedents de la mateixa regi\u00f3. En el cas de les empreses, tot i que la mobilitat europea no \u00e9s massa elevada, el problema no revesteix la mateixa gravetat. Amb tot cal tenir clar que la mobilitat a la Uni\u00f3 Europea no \u00e9s encara prou f\u00e0cil i per tant no est\u00e0 suficientment estesa.   Una de les mesures que es van adoptar per fomentar la mobilitat va ser el programa Erasmus. Aquest programa afavoreix la mobilitat dels estudiants entre estats de la Uni\u00f3 Europea. \u00c9s un sistema que s\u2019ha mostrat efica\u00e7 i ha facilitat que molts estudiants universitaris europeus hagin cursat una petita part dels seus estudis fora del propi pa\u00eds. Probablement el programa Erasmus ser\u00e0 m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 un cop sigui plenament vigent l\u2019Espai Europeu d\u2019Educaci\u00f3 Superior i es disposi d\u2019uns procediments clars i transparents de reconeixement dels t\u00edtols i de les habilitats adquirides durant la formaci\u00f3.  Aix\u00f2 no obstant, la seva plena aplicaci\u00f3 est\u00e0 limitada a la disponibilitat de recursos econ\u00f2mics per part dels candidats al programa i si aquesta ha de ser una opci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica europea, caldr\u00e0 que tots els estats membres de la Uni\u00f3 Europea apostin fort i augmentin els ajuts per evitar una bretxa en la integraci\u00f3 derivada de la situaci\u00f3 econ\u00f2mica dels aspirants.  Malauradament la construcci\u00f3 de l\u2019Espai Europeu d\u2019Educaci\u00f3 Superior no s\u2019ha acabat encara. Molts estats, entre ells l\u2019espanyol, estan vivint la transici\u00f3 amb retic\u00e8ncia i mantenen encara massa difer\u00e8ncies quant a la durada de les titulacions i heterogene\u00eftat dels sistemes de formaci\u00f3. La majoria dels estats de la Uni\u00f3 Europea han adoptat un model de tres anys per al grau i de dos anys per al postgrau, alguns amb flexibilitat per permetre que convisquin graus de tres amb graus de quatre anys depenent dels objectius formatius. En aquest darrer cas es troben Alb\u00e0nia, Irlanda, Let\u00f2nia i Luxemburg que adopten, segons el grau de qu\u00e8 es tracti, el 3+2 o el 4+1. Els estats que al meu parer han pres l\u2019opci\u00f3 equivocada i han optat per graus homogenis de quatre anys s\u00f3n: Arm\u00e8nia, Bulg\u00e0ria, Espanya, Gr\u00e8cia, Litu\u00e0nia, Mold\u00e0via, R\u00fassia, Turquia, Ucra\u00efna i Xipre que s\u2019han decidit pel 4+1\/2, 4+1 o el 4+2. La principal ra\u00f3 que sustenta la meva opini\u00f3 que aix\u00f2 \u00e9s un error \u00e9s que els estudiants que acabin el grau de tres anys en els pa\u00efsos que han optat pel 3+2 no els interessar\u00e0 de cap manera anar fer el postgrau a un pa\u00eds on aquest dura un any i hi perdran capacitat d\u2019atracci\u00f3. Caldr\u00e0 veure com se superen aquestes difer\u00e8ncies per aconseguir una Uni\u00f3 Europea amb una elevada mobilitat dels estudiants i de la for\u00e7a de treball.   Per altra banda, els sistemes p\u00fablics d\u2019alguns pa\u00efsos de la Uni\u00f3 Europea no poden sovint fer ofertes de feina atractives a no ser possible una negociaci\u00f3 laboral i salarial real, ja que la retribuci\u00f3 no ve determinada per la v\u00e0lua i les capacitats del candidat sin\u00f3 per alguna norma administrativa estatal d\u2019aplicaci\u00f3 universal que no considera les qualificacions intr\u00ednseques, sin\u00f3 la denominaci\u00f3 o categoria del lloc de treball. A m\u00e9s, generalment la retribuci\u00f3 pr\u00e0cticament no dep\u00e8n dels resultats de l\u2019activitat sin\u00f3 que est\u00e0 determinada principalment pel temps que fa que s\u2019ocupa la feina sense tenir en compte els resultats obtinguts.  El diagn\u00f2stic esdev\u00e9 m\u00e9s greu quan s\u2019observa que la inversi\u00f3 dedicada a crear i mantenir centres de recerca \u00e9s menor a la Uni\u00f3 Europea que als Estats Units o Jap\u00f3, cosa que t\u00e9 com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia directa un nombre menor de llocs de treball per al personal investigador altament qualificat. El resultat \u00e9s que s\u2019impulsa als investigadors a anar a cercar feina fora i pr\u00e0cticament se\u2019ls impossibilita el retorn en condicions dignes.  Per\u00f2 no tot \u00e9s una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de recursos i de mobilitat. Com diu Richard Florida (The university and the creative economy. Richard Florida, Gary Gates and Kevin Stolarick, 2006), per a qu\u00e8 una determinada regi\u00f3 aprofiti el coneixement i es generi el que ell denomina una economia creativa, generada per la recerca, cal que les universitats i centres de recerca estiguin en un ecosistema en el que les empreses puguin absorbir la recerca universit\u00e0ria i els descobriments i convertir-los en innovacions comercials, i en \u00faltima inst\u00e0ncia en desenvolupament industrial i en creixement a llarg termini. Es tracta d\u2019un sistema que es retroalimenta. Les universitats juguen un paper important en la generaci\u00f3, atracci\u00f3 i retenci\u00f3 de talent. Poden generar talent si tenen el personal i els recursos necessaris, per\u00f2 per atreure i retenir talent, calen altres coses. A les universitats i centres de recerca, aix\u00ed com a l\u2019entorn on es troben, ha d\u2019haver un elevat grau de toler\u00e0ncia, atractiu per gent molt diversa, amb independ\u00e8ncia de creences, or\u00edgens, etc. i que estigui obert a noves idees, accepti la diversitat, les difer\u00e8ncies i l\u2019excentricitat. En conclusi\u00f3, en llenguatge de Richard Florida, calen les tres T: talent, tecnologia i toler\u00e0ncia.  La pregunta que cal fer-se \u00e9s si a la les universitats i regions de la Uni\u00f3 Europea es donen aquestes condicions en suficient grau. Si disposen o s\u00f3n capaces de disposar de cl\u00fasters rics en tecnologia, plens de talent i amb toler\u00e0ncia per la diversitat per poder generar innovaci\u00f3, atraure i retenir talent i crear prosperitat sostenible i est\u00e0ndards de vida cada vegada millor per als seus habitants. La resposta \u00e9s que en general no, si b\u00e9 existeixen en algunes gran \u00e0rees, \u201cmegaregions\u201d, que constitueixen cl\u00fasters tecnol\u00f2gics capa\u00e7os d\u2019absorbir els resultats de la recerca i crear empreses spin off. Malgrat aix\u00f2, tot i la seva pot\u00e8ncia econ\u00f2mica aquestes regions no tenen encara la mateixa capacitat que els Estats Units per atreure talent extern i retenir el seu capital intel\u2022lectual.  Un visi\u00f3 m\u00e9s propera la puc donar a partir del que succeeix a Catalunya. Aquest pa\u00eds t\u00e9 una superf\u00edcie m\u00e9s gran que la d\u2019alguns estats de la Uni\u00f3 Europea com ara B\u00e8lgica, Eslov\u00e8nia, Xipre, Luxemburg i Malta. T\u00e9 un Estatut d\u2019Autonomia, que en alguns aspectes li d\u00f3na una \u00e0mplia capacitat de decisi\u00f3, per\u00f2 que en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de les universitats est\u00e0 encotillada dins la rigidesa normativa burocr\u00e0tica de l\u2019estat espanyol. Un exemple \u00e9s que en contra de l\u2019opini\u00f3 de les universitats catalanes i del govern de Catalunya, les universitats d\u2019aquest pa\u00eds han estat obligades a programar el sistema de grau de quatre anys i postgrau d\u2019un any, amb els inconvenients que ja he indicat abans. Les universitats p\u00fabliques catalanes s\u00f3n aut\u00f2nomes a l\u2019hora de seleccionar i contractar el seu professorat, per\u00f2 no poden negociar les seves retribucions ni tampoc donar incentius atractius en funci\u00f3 dels resultats. Tampoc poden seleccionar els seus estudiants. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia aix\u00f2 les dificulta atreure i retenir el talent.  Per resoldre en part aquest problema, el govern catal\u00e0 va crear la Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), un organisme que contracta investigadors de qualsevol part del m\u00f3n, sense cap trava administrativa, nom\u00e9s d\u2019acord amb la seva v\u00e0lua. D\u2019aquesta manera les universitats i centres de recerca catalans poden atreure investigadors en millors condicions. Els recursos que s\u2019hi destinen no s\u00f3n encara suficients per fer la transformaci\u00f3 necess\u00e0ria, per\u00f2 el cam\u00ed iniciat \u00e9s bo. Igualment seria necess\u00e0ria la creaci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s centres de recerca lligats a les universitats.   Com destacava fa uns mesos l\u2019Informe del Grup Bruegel, la qualitat de les universitats en mat\u00e8ria de recerca dep\u00e8n de la inversi\u00f3 en ensenyament superior i en recerca. Segons el parer del experts, una ra\u00f3 econ\u00f2mica i una altra d\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 expliquen la difer\u00e8ncia entre les universitats dels Estats Units i les europees. I si els diners s\u00f3n importants, tamb\u00e9 ho s\u00f3n el mal sistema de govern, la falta d\u2019autonomia i el pervers sistema d\u2019incentius al professorat que tenen la majoria de les universitats europees. Aquests experts apunten unes l\u00ednies d\u2019actuaci\u00f3 per tal que la situaci\u00f3 millori. En destaquen la necessitat d\u2019augmentar la inversi\u00f3 en universitats en un 1% del PIB al llarg de deu anys, finan\u00e7ament que no defineixen si hauria de ser p\u00fablic o privat. Aix\u00ed mateix, suggereixen que es reforci l\u2019autonomia universit\u00e0ria en l\u2019\u00e0mbit pressupostari, contractaci\u00f3 de personal, remuneraci\u00f3, disseny de cursos i selecci\u00f3 d\u2019estudiants, particularment quant a m\u00e0sters, si es vol fer rendible la inversi\u00f3 en recerca i en educaci\u00f3 superior.   Catalunya \u00e9s l\u00edder en escoles de negocis, dues de les m\u00e9s prestigioses escoles, IESE i ESADE i caldria sumar a aquestes la nova Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, per\u00f2 per ser una economia m\u00e9s din\u00e0mica Catalunya arrossega alguns d\u00e8ficits propis dels pa\u00efsos llatins de tradici\u00f3 cat\u00f2lica: no tenir \u00e8xit en un negoci \u00e9s vist com un frac\u00e0s i no com l\u2019oportunitat per aprendre i fer les coses millor.   L\u2019estigma del frac\u00e0s acompanya sovint als que no triomfen. Caldria tenir present que la intel\u2022lig\u00e8ncia no \u00e9s patrimoni d\u2019uns o altres pa\u00efsos, les difer\u00e8ncies neixen de factors culturals, religiosos, pol\u00edtics, etc. que fan que les prioritats siguin diferents. La difer\u00e8ncia entre uns i altres pa\u00efsos est\u00e0 en l\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 i la inversi\u00f3. Segurament tothom \u00e9s conscient de la segona, per\u00f2 sovint s\u2019oblida la primera.  <i>Article original escrit en angl\u00e8s per Enric Canela i publicat a la revista <u>Catalan International View<\/u><\/i>                                          <style>.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db{background-color:#fecc8c;background-image:url('https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/bg_newsletter_01.svg');background-size:auto;background-position:100% 0%;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:repeat-y;}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db alignnone kt-row-has-bg block_newsletter wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column22850_a01aca-24\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suscr\u00edbete al newsletter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suscr\u00edbete al <strong>Newsletter de Amics del Pa\u00eds<\/strong> para estar al d\u00eda de todo lo que hacemos. Recibir\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre nuestras actividades, noticias destacadas y las convocatorias y novedades de las conferencias que organizamos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f42828-o1\" lang=\"es-ES\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"42828\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22137#wpcf7-f42828-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Formulario de contacto\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"42828\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"es_ES\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f42828-o1\" \/><input 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">Documentos relacionados<\/h5>                                                   <ul class=\"wp-block-list documents_relacionats_list\">                                         <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/public\/docs\/454.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/public\/docs\/454.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Challenges facing the knowledge society<\/a><\/li>                                     <\/ul>                              <\/div>         <\/div>                                       <\/div>         <\/div>                  <\/div><\/div>                   <p><\/p>         ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h5>Por Enric Canela. Presidente del Cercle per al Coneixement.<\/h5>\n<p>La Uni\u00f3n Europea en el a\u00f1o 2000 en la denominada estrategia de Lisboa se fij\u00f3 como objetivos conseguir ser, al final del presente decenio, la econom\u00eda m\u00e1s competitiva del mundo y alcanzar el pleno empleo. Las razones para plantearse estos objetivos no fueron puramente te\u00f3ricas o un capricho. En la Uni\u00f3n Europea, a pesar de algunas diferencias, por suerte, disfrutamos de un estado del bienestar envidiable, mejor que el que tienen algunos de nuestros principales competidores, como Estados Unidos y Jap\u00f3n. Por otro lado, estamos en un mundo globalizado, con muchas desigualdades sociales, donde convivimos y competimos con pa\u00edses que basan su econom\u00eda en un estado del bienestar d\u00e9bil, con pocos derechos sociales y mano de obra barata.<br \/>\n<u><b>Los interesados en leer el art\u00edculo original (en ingl\u00e9s) lo pueden encontrar como documento adjunto.<\/b><\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":19934,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[194,732,735,193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos","category-cercle-per-al-coneixement-publicaciones","category-circulo-para-el-conocimiento-publicaciones","category-publicaciones"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":194,"label":"Art\u00edculos"},{"value":732,"label":"Cercle 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