{"id":21907,"date":"2004-06-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-06-15T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.barcelonatribuna.com\/memetica_y_democracia\/"},"modified":"2004-06-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2004-06-15T22:00:00","slug":"memetica_y_democracia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/memetica_y_democracia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mem\u00e9tica y democracia"},"content":{"rendered":"         <p class=\"link_ariadna\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/publicaciones\">Publicaciones<\/a><\/p>                   <h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Mem\u00e9tica y democracia<\/h1>          <style>.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:40px;row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:24px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(70% - ((40px * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(30% - ((40px * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id15198_fd4370-d2 alignnone header_article_agenda wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">         <style>.kadence-column15198_b1d053-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column15198_b1d053-1d > 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.kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(70% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(30% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id15198_57c2d8-c9 alignnone content_article_agenda wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">         <style>.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column15198_459565-82{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column15198_459565-82 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>         <div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column15198_459565-82\">             <div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">             <div class=\"autor_post wp-block-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/es\/author\/ao\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name__link\">Albert Oriol i Bosch<\/a><\/div>             <div class=\"summary_post wp-block-post-excerpt\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la mem\u00e9tica? \u00bfQu\u00e9 relaci\u00f3n tiene con la democracia? \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 nuestra democracia? \u00bfCual es el peligro real al que se enfrenta la democracia? <\/p><\/div>                           La \u201cmem\u00e8tica\u201d \u00e9s un costructe doctrinal que ja t\u00e9 tres d\u00e8cades i que est\u00e0 buscant el seu reconeixement com a \u00e0rea del coneixement cient\u00edfic. Cal saber al menys que la mem\u00e8tica es a l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 cultural el que la gen\u00e8tica es a la evoluci\u00f3 biol\u00f2gica. Aix\u00ed mateix el \u201cmeme\u201d es a la mem\u00e8tica el que el \u201cgen\u201d es a la gen\u00e8tica. La difer\u00e8ncia, tanmateix, \u00e9s que el meme com a replicador d\u2019informaci\u00f3 encara no se li ha pogut trobar un substrat material o funcional, en tan que fa cinquanta anys que Watson i Crick varen assignar el ADN com a substrat qu\u00edmic de la informaci\u00f3 transferible de l\u2019her\u00e8ncia biol\u00f2gica. La mem\u00e8tica \u00e9s encara doncs un camp del pensament al que li manquen consolidacions materials, malgrat que comen\u00e7a a mostrar-se com a molt f\u00e8rtil en la construcci\u00f3 d\u2019hip\u00f2tesis en l\u2019\u00e0mbit dels canvis culturals.   Recentment, Augner (\u201c<i>El meme el\u00e9ctrico: una teor\u00eda sobre como pensamos<\/i>\u201d, Paidos 2004 ) estudia el problema i en fa una interessant analogia amb els virus inform\u00e0tics abans d\u2019analitzar la mem\u00e8tica des de la perspectiva de les neuroci\u00e8ncies, i considera les similituds amb el parasitisme que ambd\u00f3s, memes i virus inform\u00e0tics, poden representar per l\u2019hoste interactor del sistema (inform\u00e0tic o social).   Fins ara, trob\u00e0vem a faltar una teoria general que intent\u00e9s explicar els canvis culturals. La mem\u00e8tica en la seva aplicaci\u00f3 a l\u2019evolucionisme cultural ens d\u00f3na una primera aproximaci\u00f3 que, encara que de moment sigui incompleta, amb la suggerent similitut amb els virus inform\u00e0tics, potents replicadors que parasiten els seus interactors.   El segon mil\u00b7leni de la nostra era s\u2019ha acabat mostrant una tend\u00e8ncia d\u2019implantaci\u00f3 a l\u2019al\u00e7a d\u2019un tret cultural antropol\u00f2gicament molt avan\u00e7at: la DEMOCRACIA. La democr\u00e0cia \u00e9s una manifestaci\u00f3 cultural complexa relativament recent que es manifesta en menys d\u2019una quarta part de la poblaci\u00f3 mundial per\u00f2 que ha anat creixent amb alts i baixos i amb imperfeccions en els darrers 50 anys, despr\u00e9s de la darrera hecatombe b\u00e8lica en la que va enderrocar-se un del dos grans dogmes del totalitarisme del segle XX (el feixisme). L\u2019altre va implosionar despr\u00e8s d\u2019un desgast econ\u00f2mic no cruent al colapsar-se el socialisme real de la Uni\u00f3 Sovi\u00e8tica i el seus sat\u00e8l\u00b7lits.   Qu\u00e8 podem entreveure en la fase evolutiva amb qu\u00e8 ens trobem al comen\u00e7ament d\u2019aquest tercer mil\u00b7lenni? Estem ja segurs de que l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 cultural segueix una direcci\u00f3 que ens porta irreversiblement cap a l\u2019hegemonia de la democr\u00e0cia? Fins al 11 de setembre del 2001 aix\u00ed ho semblava, despr\u00e8s del 11 de mar\u00e7 del 2004 podem comen\u00e7ar a tenir-ne seriosos dubtes.   Aquests dubtes no es nodreixen tan de la creen\u00e7a en la capacitat del \u201cnihilisme actiu\u201d del fonamentalisme isl\u00e0mic que ara per ara sembla ser el gran perill, si no mes aviat per el \u201cnihilisme passiu\u201d que rau en els \u00e0mbits de la cultura democr\u00e0tica occidental. Un nihilisme que no s\u2019autoimmola en atemptats sin\u00f3 que com a m\u00e0xim s\u2019exterioritza en manifestacions \u201canti\u201d. Cadasc\u00fa pot posar-hi el substantiu que vulgui i avui en dia no ser\u00e0 dif\u00edcil trobar l\u2019explicitaci\u00f3 del fenomen agregatiu \u201canti\u201d. De fet un dels m\u00e9s antics i clarament derivats del per\u00edode \u201ccomunista\u201d \u00e9s el que s\u2019oposa al capitalisme, l\u2019anticapitalisme. Un fen\u00f2men amb m\u00e9s d\u2019un segle d\u2019antiguitat que no perd clientela. Un fenomen comprensible quan el capitalisme en els seus or\u00edgens fou \u201cpur i dur\u201d, salvatge. Un capitalisme per\u00f2 que va anar evolucionant des del pillatge i l\u2019esclavisme a les conductes normativitzades i regulades que han fet possible una economia de mercat basada en l\u2019acumulaci\u00f3\/reinversi\u00f3 d\u2019excedents i en la llei socialment consensuada.   El desig de posseir i l\u2019afany de lucre no tenen res a veure amb el capitalisme sin\u00f3 amb la condici\u00f3 humana, de fet son trets pre-capitalistes que s\u2019han donat a tot arreu i en tots els temps. En tot cas el capitalisme s\u2019hauria de relacionar m\u00e9s aviat amb la moderaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest impuls irracional (M. Weber. <i>La \u00e9tica protestante y el espiritu del capitalismo<\/i>, Alianza 2003).   Entre tots els pobles \u201cantis\u201d esmentem el del capitalisme per el fet que democr\u00e0cia fins avui ens sembla que va lligada a capitalisme i \u00e9s en funci\u00f3 dels \u201cpar\u00e0sits culturals\u201d que infecten les democr\u00e0cies que ens sembla important buscar aqu\u00ed el nihilisme passiu que debilita occident i el posa a risc, molt m\u00e9s que el nihilisme actiu expressat en forma de terrorisme. Per qu\u00e8 si b\u00e9 no ens \u00e9s possible trobar democr\u00e0cia fora del capitalisme, aquest no porta inevitablement a la democr\u00e0cia. Recordem que dues potencies com Alemanya i Jap\u00f3 varen haber de ser condu\u00efdes a la democr\u00e0cia per la for\u00e7a de les armes, que Rusia encara est\u00e0 molt lluny de ser-ho, per no esmentar pa\u00efsos exuberants de capital com Ar\u00e0bia que no mostra cap intenci\u00f3 de voler-ne ser o la mateixa Xina que s\u2019est\u00e0 industrialitzant a gran velocitat per\u00f2 sense donar senyals de cap mena en aquest sentit.   Ens sembla que \u201cl\u2019anticapitalisme\u201d \u00e9s un meme que no tan sols es replica i s\u2019ext\u00e9n efica\u00e7ment en l\u2019entorn cultural no-democr\u00e0tic, sin\u00f3 que parasita i es reprodueix molt eficientment juntament amb la cultura democr\u00e0tica associant-se amb moltes, sin\u00f3 totes, les altres posicions \u201canti\u201d. Si els memes \u201canti\u201d mostren una capacitat replicadora superior i en compet\u00e8ncia als memes dels valors democr\u00e0tics, que comporten actituds no excloents dels memes \u201canti\u201d, s\u2019arribar\u00e0 a que aquests siguin dominants i el \u201cnihilisme passiu\u201d sigui un tret indisociable de les democr\u00e0cies facilitant la seva extinci\u00f3 per rendici\u00f3 davant el \u201cnihilisme actiu\u201d representat avui per el fenomen terrorista. Potser Glucksman (<i>Occidente contra Occidente<\/i>, Taurus 2004) no arriba a aquesta conclusi\u00f3 encara, per\u00f2 ens en fa un magn\u00edfic an\u00e0lisi.                                         <style>.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db{background-color:#fecc8c;background-image:url('https:\/\/www.amicsdelpais.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/bg_newsletter_01.svg');background-size:auto;background-position:100% 0%;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:repeat-y;}.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id22850_b19245-db alignnone kt-row-has-bg block_newsletter wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column22850_a01aca-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column22850_a01aca-24\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suscr\u00edbete al newsletter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suscr\u00edbete al <strong>Newsletter de Amics del Pa\u00eds<\/strong> para estar al d\u00eda de todo lo que hacemos. 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.kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>         <div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column15198_b55ca3-7f\">             <div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">                                               <\/div>         <\/div>                  <\/div><\/div>                   <p><\/p>         ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la mem\u00e9tica? \u00bfQu\u00e9 relaci\u00f3n tiene con la democracia? \u00bfC\u00f3mo est\u00e1 nuestra democracia? \u00bfCual es el peligro real al que se enfrenta la democracia?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":19934,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[194,732,735,193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulos","category-cercle-per-al-coneixement-publicaciones","category-circulo-para-el-conocimiento-publicaciones","category-publicaciones"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":194,"label":"Art\u00edculos"},{"value":732,"label":"Cercle 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